This paper attempts to analyse the various geopolitical aspects of the Himalayan region. The geopolitical theories like Sea Power, the Heartland theory, the Rimland theory etc are observed. The geographical expanse of the Himalayas, the youngest and the highest mountain ranges of the world form the northern border of the Indian subcontinent. The major players in the region India and China are aspiring global powers although China is leading the way with India not far behind. China with its policies on Tibet(previously “The Five Finger Policy”), Belt and road Initiative, new silk road , hydro power projects, heavy militarization and urbanization has not only posed security threats for India and other countries like Nepal, Bhutan but have also disturbed the eco sensitive Himalayan region. The other countries especially India too are securing their national interests in the Himalayan region to counter China. The principles of international relations like realism, hegemony and security dilemma are at work. Climate change also poses serious threat to this region. The need is to discover areas like common Himalayan heritage or geo strategic equilibrium to tackle various issues of this geopolitical and biodiversity hot spot region.

Keywords:Heartland, Rimland, security dilemma, Geostrategic equilibrium, shatterbelt.